When pavlov's dogs salivated after hearing a bell ring even though no food was present, they demonstrated a pattern of learning called

Classical conditioning

Explanation:

It's an automatic or reflexive response, the classical conditioning corresponds to a type of implicit memory called "associative" (as opposed to implicit memory of the "nonassociative" type, in which habituation and sensitization learnings fit). Studying the action of enzymes on the animals' stomachs, Ian Pavlov became interested in the salivation that arose in dogs without food. Pavlov wanted to clarify how conditioned reflexes were acquired. Dogs naturally salivate for food; Pavlov thus called the correlation between unconditioned stimulus (food) and unconditioned response (salivation) an unconditioned reflex.

gold discovery in california, and pioneer settlers were sometimes pulled west because they wanted to make a better living. others received letters from friends or family members who had moved west. these letters often told about a good life on the frontier. the biggest factor that pulled pioneers west was the opportunity to buy land.

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answer; the parasympathetic nervous system;