The mind is not part of the physical world at all. physical things are extended; they take up space. and they are not conscious. our minds, on the other hand, are conscious and do not take up space. minds and bodies are as fundamentally different as things could be.

The above is an example of what is referred to as Substance dualism. It posits that there are two essentially different types of substances. These are physical or material substances and mental substances . According to substance dualism, mind and body are distinct and the minds does not depend on the body to exist

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.