Jerald wakes up in new jersey, some four hundred miles from his home in new hampshire. he cannot remember how he got there, and he has no memory of his former life. he establishes a new identity in new jersey. this illustrates

I believe the answer is: dissociative fugue

Dissociative fugue refers to a form of amnesia which make the victim unable to remember only a certain part of their past.
For example, people with dissociative fugue may be able to clearly remember their own identity, but they could completely forget why they are trapped in a certain trouble/crisis.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.