Enforcement of norms or shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations.

The answer is social control.  This is especially true when we want to ensure law and order in our society.  There are rules that are kept to prevent any kind of trouble.  It does not suppress a person’s freedom rather it protects individual freedom.

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.