an object floats in a beaker as shown. assuming that the graduated cylinder was empty when the object was placed in the beaker and that the beaker was full to the level of the spout, what must be true?

Number 3 is the logical, go-to answer for the classical school of thought as they strongly believe that an individual commits a crime of their own free will and fully understands the  consequences, making them liable to whatever punishment is dealt to them.