Variables that classify individuals into categories are called

Qualitative Variables.

Explanation:

Qualitative comes from quality, which is the character's/individual's disposition or persona that portrays him/her as an individual.

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It is a characteristic that is either given in the form of value or quantity and that varies over the time is known as variable. Values are the mathematical numbers (i.e. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9) and these numbers may be 1-digit or a combination of digits.