Sickle cell anemia is known to run in a family. a pedigree chart for this family is shown below. the parents are shown at the top and from left to right appear as a half-shaded circle labeled 1 next to a half-shaded square labeled 2. the two are connected by a straight line. below the parent pair is a vertical straight line connecting to the next row of circles and squares which are the offspring. starting from left an unshaded square labeled 1, half-shaded circle labeled 2, another half-shaded circle labeled 3, and a completely shaded square are shown labeled 4. all of these are also connected by a horizontal straight line. what best describes offspring 4?

In a pedigree chart, male is represented by a square and female a circle. Different generations in a family are lined up with the oldest at the top.  Shading represents the disease with half shade means a carrier and full shade means having the disease.

Based on the description, offspring 4 is represented by a completely shaded square so he is a male with sickle cell anemia.

colorectal cancer may also develop from areas of abnormal cells in the lining of the colon or rectum. this area of abnormal cells is called dysplasia and is more commonly seen in people with certain inflammatory diseases of the bowel such as crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

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