Explain the difference between the synodic period of a planet and the sidereal period. why is the synodic period often much less than the sidereal period for the superior planets?

-Synodic period is the period of celestial bodies observed on the moving planet(mostly earth)
Sideral period is the period comparing to the fixed stars without motion of the earth involved.

(I will explain the second question with an example, so it's easier to understand)
-For Sideral month for example of the moon it cactually complete one revolution in around 27.3 days.
However, since the earth moves, for us it took some more time to see the moon the same as before (fullmoon to fullmoon) again. That make synodic month of the moon to be around 29.5 days.

An atom that has fewer electrons that protons is called a positive ion.

Honestly "global warming" may be a slight possiblity, however they called it "climate change" because its not real, in fact we had one of our coldest days here not too long ago, and the "issues" with this subject is a blindfold for actual problems.