Newton said that something was needed to change the motion of an object. a clear reading of his first law tells us that what is needed is

Newton’s first Law is law of inertia or resistance to change of motion. Objects in motion tend to stay in motion or an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless acted on by an outside force.

Newton’s second Law is F=ma is equal to the rate of change of momentum with respect to time dp/dt. This means force is equal to mass times acceleration or F= mass*(d^2x/dt^2)

Newton’s third Law is for every force there is an equal and opposite force. Meaning if I push on the ground, the ground pushes back on me equally an opposite.

Hope this helps you understand Newton’s three laws of motion. Any questions please ask!!

Thank you!!

The answer is  a.first and third quarters