Explain how mutation in a individual dna occurs and describe the effect it may have on the individual's traits

Mutations in a dna can occur at certain levels. they can occur due to base substitution where one an incorrect base is incorporated in dna instead of the correct one or they can also occur as a result of changes within base, like formation of thymine dimers within dna. other forms of mutation include deletion, insertion and frameshift mutation.  when the base sequence of dna is altered, and if the base substitution is non-synonymous, then it leads to a different amino acid being incorporated into protein when dna is transcribed and translated into a protein. one different amino acid can have a great effect on person's characteristics. sickle cell anemia is a result of change of one amino acid in hemoglobin protein molecule. 

Hypothesis. why don’t you know this? i learned this stuff in like 5th grade