Define the relationship between refraction and reflection

Awheelhas a radius of 4.8 m. howfar (path length) does a point on the circumference travel if thewheel is rotated through angles of 30°, 30 rad, and 30 rev,respectively?

In a wind tunnel the speed changes as the cross sectional area of the tunnel changes. if the speed in a 6' x 6' square test section is 100 mph, what was the speed upstream of the test section where the tunnel measured 20' x 20'? use conservation of mass and assume incompressible flow. conservation of mass requires that as the flow moves through a path or a duct the product of the density, velocity and cross sectional area must remain constant; i.e., that ova-constant. a model is being tested in a wind tunnel at a speed of 100 mph if the flow in the test section is at sea level standard conditions, what is the pressure at the model's stagnation point? (a) the tunnel speed is being measured by a pitot-static tube connected to a u- tube manometer. what is the reading on that manometer in inches of water? (b) at one point on the model a pressure of 2058 psf is measured. what is the local airspeed at that point?

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .