The modern atomic model states that electrons move sort of like a. a swarm of bees around a bee hive. b. really fast runners going around a track. c. lots of people jammed up and moving around on a dance floor. d. football players all moving in on the ball carrier to make a tackle.

B, runners because their motion is in a consistent shape around the nucleus

Is a  vector quantity  that refers to "the rate at which an object changes its position." imagine a person moving rapidly - one step forward and one step back - always returning to the original starting position. while this might result in a frenzy of activity, it would result in a zero velocity. because the person always returns to the original position, the motion would never result in a change in position. since velocity is defined as the rate at which the position changes, this motion results in zero velocity. if a person in motion wishes to maximize their velocity, then that person must make every effort to maximize the amount that they are displaced from their original position. every step must go into moving that person further from where he or she started. for certain, the person should never change directions and begin to return to the starting position.

The independent variable would be the fertilizer as it is what the dependent variable (the growth of grass) depends on.