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The best answer is (a) which is universal law is in effect at all times. it is constantly at play in everything we do and governs our lives. it is also important to note that universal law applies to not only everything on earth, but everything in the universe as well, which is another reason why it is in effect at all times.

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The answer is 4f======since electrostatic force is given by    we let f be the electrostatic force when  r = 1 m    if we let  denote the electrostatic force when the distance is decreased so that r = 0.5m, then    we established earlier that f = kq₁q₂. therefore    the force will now be 4f.