A ray of light is passing from air into glass. If the angle of incidence, with respect to the normal to the interface, is increased: a. Total internal reflection will occur when the angle of incidence equals the critical angle
b. Total internal reflection will occur when the angle of incidence is less than the critical angle
c. Total internal reflection will occur when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
d. Angle of refraction will increase but there will be no total internal reflection

Air initially at 0.75 bar, 1000 k, and occupying a volume of 0.12 m^3 undergoes two processes. process 1-2: the air is compressed isothermally until the volume is halved. process 2-3: the air undergoes a constant pressure process until the volume is halved again. assume ideal gas behavior. a) determine the mass of the air, in kg. b) the work and the heat transfer for each of the two processes, in kj. (100 kj = 1 bar . m^3)

Frank just graduated from eighth grade. assuming exactly four years from now he will graduate from high school how many seconds does he have until his high school graduation

Simon is writing a story about an astronaut whose spacecraft has been boarded by space pirates. the astronaut has her lucky penny in her hand behind her back as the space pirates break into the control room. she has just locked the controls so that the ship is accelerating in the direction of the control room’s ceiling. simon wants the astronaut to use the penny to hit a button on the control panel to turn off the lights and escape. the button is located a short distance behind and below the astronaut’s hands. how should simon use the theory of relativity to describe what the astronaut must do in order to hit the button?