See picture attached

waves moving from a fast medium to a slow medium will experience a reflection as light travels more slowly than red light. total internal reflection occurs when the critical angle is.

that tool is called an altimeter which measures your altitude which can be used to tell which atmosphere you are currently in, including the stratosphere.

hope this ! : )

im srry but ur wrong the answer is d a smooth rock, some red dirt, and an empty bird's nest.