Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. However, because the particles in a substance move at different speeds, the particles can have different amounts of kinetic energy. So, what does temperature actually measure? Imagine a substance made up of a 1,000 particles. Which of these describes the average kinetic energy of the particles?

A. The sum of the particles kinetic energy divided by 100
B. The total kinetic energy of the particles plus 1,000
C. The kinetic energy of the fastest particle multiplied by 1,000

Mutt and jeff are running along a path each pushing a cart loaded with rocks. if mutt's wagon has a mass two times greater than jeff's and they want to stay together, arriving at their destination at the same time, what must happen? a) jeff should slow down so mutt can catch up. b) mutt must use half as much force to push his cart. c) mutt must use twice as much force to push his cart. d) mutt and jeff will use the same force, but mutt will take bigger steps.

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.

Asquare 1m x 1m plate is shown below. all four of its edges are kept at 0 co. at t=0the temperature distribution is given by: y xtsins n75)=.a) using separation of variables determine the temperature distribution t(x,y,t)along the plate at any time t.b) discretize the heat conduction equation +=22222 txtusing a second-order centered difference scheme for the two second derivatives and a first-order forward euler scheme for the first derivative. using von neumann stability analysis, determine the stability criterion for the proposed discretization scheme in terms of , hand t. solve for the maximum allowable time step tmax