Does your estimated ∆ explain the variations seen in the wavelength and R calculations? Change the angle by 0.2° and recalculate the wavelength and R for one of your values. Comment on the changes you find.

Clothing made of several thin layers of fabric with trapped air in between, often called ski clothing, is commonly used in cold climates because it is light, fashionable, and a very effective thermal insulator. so it is no surprise that such clothing has largely replaced thickand heavy old-fashioned coats. (a) consider a jacket made of five layers of 0.1-mm-thick synthetic fabric (k = 0.13 w/m·°c) with 1.5-mm-thick air space (k = 0.026 w/m·°c) between the layers. assuming the inner surface temperature of the jacket to be 28°c and the surface area to be 1.25 m2, determine the rate of heat loss through the jacket when the temperature of the outdoors is 0°c and the heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface is 25 w/m2·°c. (b) what would your response be if the jacket is made of a single layer of 0.5-mm-thick synthetic fabric? what should be the thickness of a wool fabric (k = 0.035 w/m·°c) if the person is to achieve the same level of thermal comfort wearing a thick wool coat instead of a five-layer ski jacket?

J. j. thomson’s experiment disproved the theory that an atom

What do the atoms of elements in the same group have in common? a. they have the same atomic numbers. b. they have the same average atomic masses. c. they have the same number of electron shells. d. they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells.