1) Consider an electrical power transmission line that carries a constant electrical current of = . The cylindrical copper cable used to transmit this current has diameter ∅ = , and length = . If there are , × free electrons per cubic meter ( ) in the cable, calculate how long it would take an electron to cross the entire length of the transmitter line.

Aproduction line at v. j. sugumaran's machine shop has three stations. the first station can process a unit in 7 minutes. the second station has two identical machines, each of which can process a unit in 16 minutes (each unit only needs to be processed on one of the two machines). the third station can process a unit in 10 minutes. ▼ is the bottleneck station, with a bottleneck time of nothing minutes per unit (enter your response as a whole number).