In this experiment, the ? was intentionally manipulated. This was the independent variable.
The dependent variable measured was the ?

Air is held within a frictionless piston-cylinder container, which is oriented vertically. the mass of the piston is 0.45 kg and the cross-sectional area is 0.0030 m2. initially (state 1) the pressure of the gas is sufficient to support the weight of the piston as well as the force exerted by the atmospheric pressure ( 101.32 kpa). the volume occupied by the air within the cylinder in state 1 is 1.00 liter. one end of a spring (with spring constant k = 1000 n/m) is attached to the top of the piston, while the other end of the spring is attached to a stage that can move vertically. initially the spring is undeflected and therefore exerts no force. then the stage is then moved quasistatically downward a distance of 10.0 cm, at which point the system reaches state 2. the piston-cylinder is not insulated; rather it remains in diathermal contact with the surroundings, which are at a constant temperature of 300 k. what is the change of pressure within the container?

Who was the first scientist to measure speed as distance over time?

Point charges q1 = 51 µc and q2 = −27 µc are placed 1.0 m apart, with q2 on the right. what is the force (in n) on a third charge q3 = 19 µc placed midway between q1 and q2? (assume the positive direction is to the right. indicate the direction with the sign of your answer.)