Both formal and informal

Which one of the following research methods can show cause and effect

The atoms in a nickel crystal vibrate as harmonic oscillators with an angular frequency of 2.3 × 1013 rad/s. the mass of a nickel atom is 9.75 × 10-26 kg. what is the difference in energy between adjacent vibrational energy levels of nickel? (h = 6.626 × 10-34 j • s, , 1 ev = 1.60 × 10-19 j)

Atruck travels at an average speed of 70 km/hr. if it travels 100 km in the first hour, how far will it go the second hour of a 2 hour trip? if you could also give me the steps that would great.