Using a diagrams differentiate between pentavalent doping and trivalent dropping​

Your 249 ml cup of coffee is too hot to drink when served at 82 degree celsius. what is the mass of an ice cube taken from a -21 degree celsius freezer, that will cool your coffee to a pleasant 54 degree celsius. specific heat of the water is 4190 j/kg c, specific heat of ice is 2090 j/kg c, heat of fusion of ice is 3.33 x 10^5 j/kg

Acatapult is tested by roman legionnaires. they tabulate the results in a papyrus and 2000 years later the archaeological team reads (distances translated into modern units): range = 0.4 km; angle of launch = π/5 rad; landing height = launch height. what is the initial velocity of launch of the boulders if air resistance is negligible?

Explain what will happen if decomposers were apsent from a forest ecoysystem.