An astronaut in outer space holds a 2.0 kg wrench in their hand. The astronaut and the wrench are initially at rest with respect to one another. The wrench is then thrown (ignoring any rotational effects) and an observing astronaut measures each body’s velocity following the throw. The wrench moves with a velocity of +8.0 m/s while the astronaut moves at -0.15 m/s. Calculate the mass of the astronaut.

Acylinder with a movable piston contains 11.7 moles of a monatomic ideal gas at a pressure of 1.32×10^5 pa. the gas is initially at a temperature of 300 k. an electric heater adds 43200 j of energy into the gas while the piston moves in such a way that the pressure remains constant. cp=20.79 j k^−1 mol^−1 for a monatomic ideal gas, and that the number of gas molecules is equal to avogadro's number (6.022×10^23) times the number of moles of the gas. (a) what is the temperature of the gas after the energy is added? (b) what is the change in volume of the gas? (c) how much work is done by the gas during this process?