The idea that the same geological processes that happen today have been happening throughout history is called

Law of Uniformitarianism

Explanation: According to the law of Uniformitarianism, the earth dynamic geological process that undergoes now, must have taken place in the past in the same way and at the same speed as well as intensity. This also is believed that the same processes will also take place in the future.

This changes takes place over millions of years and this is how the different features, structures and landforms have formed and evolved on earth due to the weathering and erosion of the rocks on the surface. In addition to that, plate tectonic movement, eruption from the volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis are also responsible for the formation of the present day scenerio.

c)as speed changes, wavelength and frequency change.

everything changes!

it is the second option.