Which of the following is an example of an indirect observation?
a. measuring the temperature of a liquid with a thermometer
b. detecting a planet by observing the motion of its parent star
c. discovering where butterflies come from by watching a caterpillar change into a butterfly
d. measuring the disappearance of a chemical in a chemical reaction by watching a color change

Edward tolman explained the results of his study by theorizing that the rats were learning about the maze during every trial but they a. were agitated because other groups were getting reinforcement b. could not remember how to demonstrate it without reinforcement c. were not motivated to demonstrate it without reinforcement d. seemed to be too lazy to actually work without reinforcement

What is created when solids,liquids,an gases mix with one another

An ice-making machine inside a refrigerator operates in a carnot cycle. it takes heat from liquid water at 0.0 degrees celsius and rejects heat to a room at a temperature of 19.2 degrees celsius. suppose that liquid water with a mass of 76.3kg at 0.0 degrees celsius is converted to ice at the same temperature. take the heat of fusion for water to be l_f = 3.34*10^5 j/kg.how much energy e must be supplied to the device? express your answer in joules.