What factors affect the survival and change(evolution) of species over time?

When applying kirchhoff's rules, one of the essential steps is to mark each resistor with plus and minus signs to label how the electric potential changes from one end of the resistor to the other. the circuit in the drawing contains four resistors, each marked with the associated plus and minus signs. however, one resistor is marked incorrectly. which one is it?

According to newton's second law, when the same force is applied to two objects of different masses, a the object with greater mass will experience a great acceleration, and the object with less mass will experience an even greater acceleration, b. the object with greater mass will experience a smaller acceleration, and the object with less mass will experience a greater acceleration, c. the object with greater mass will experience a greater acceleration, and the object with less mass will experience a smaller acceleration, d. the object with greater mass will experience a small acceleration, and the object with less mass will experience an even smaller acceleration.

Acar drives toward the right over the top of a hill, as shown below. which arrow represents the centripetal acceleration? w x y z