When the particles in a medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling, this type of waves is called a:
a. transverse wave
b. longitudinal wave
c. surface wave
d. tidal wave

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Choose the most likely outcome of this scenario: jen decided to go bike riding without a helmet. while no one is around during her ride, she is thrown from her bike when her wheel goes into a pothole. she is not injured, but she is terrified to get back on her bike. what happens next? a. her physical health is affected even though she wasn't hurt. b. her mental and emotional health are affected because she is afraid to get back on her bike. c. her social health is affected because she is worried her friends saw the fall. d. her overall health is not affected at all by her fall.

Asheet of steel 1.5 mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 1200oc and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. the diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 6 x 10- 11 m2 /s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.2 x 10-7 kg/m2 -s. also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is 4 kg/m3 . how far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m3 ? assume a linear concentration profile.