When organic polymers joined together on early earth, they formed protons protobionts monomers plankton

Protobionts

When organic polymers joined together on early earth, they form protobionts. Protobionts are aggregates of organic molecules which are surrounded by a membrane, these organic molecules which are aggregated by abiotic or non-living factors which were available on early earth. They are considered as precursors of prokaryotic cells.

the area between the graph and the t axis

it's when something is going so fast it makes a loud noise, breaking the sound barrier, for example: a jet makes a loud noise, not only cause of the jet but because they reached a point where they went so fast that you can year the noise from various parts, kinda like a police car, lets say the car was going   so fast that you hear the siren of the cop car right next to you, but the car is probably a mile a way, it's cos the siren was next to you a few seconds if you understand me