An inventor claims to have built a machine that can produce 120j of work with and input of 110j of work. would you believe the inventors claim?

No, I wouldn't believe his claim.

Explanation:

The inventors claim can be analyzed by calculating the efficiency of the machine he built.

Efficiency of a machine is the percentage of the ratio of the work output to work input. Mathematically,

Efficiency = Work output/work input × 100%

Given work output = 120Joules

Work input = 110Joules

Efficiency = 120/110×100%

Efficiency = 109.1%

Therefore the efficiency of the machine built is 109.1%

According to the efficiency gotten, the inventor claim is wrong because machine cannot be 100% efficient even if it is brand new. This is because of friction that exists between sliding parts. When this parts slides over one another, friction occurs which leads to heat generation. This heat generated thereby causes wear and tear in the moving parts which in turn reduces its value with usage.

So personally, I wouldn't believe the inventor's claim.

a longitudinal wave moves energy that is to the direction of the wave’s movement. - true

because if the tool that you are using is not balanced it there would be false mass.