What is the relationship between the mass, velocity, and momentum of an object?

In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of the object. Where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The equation illustrates that momentum is directly equal to an object's mass and directly proportional to the object's velocity. 

This is what a calorimeter is used for simpler ex, to measure calories in food.