What is voltage?

a. it is the sum of the electrical potential energy in two places in an electric field.

b. it is the flow of an electric charge in only one direction.

c. it is the difference in electrical potential energy between two places in an electric field.

d. it is the flow of an electric charge that regularly reverses direction.

What are the phases shown in a and d called?

The first law of thermodynamics states that heat added to a system is neither created nor destroyed but is transformed ⇒ as it changes into other forms of energy.

Askydiver weighing 140 lb (including equipment) falls vertically downward from an altitude of 19,000 ft and opens the parachute after 18 s of free fall. assume that the force of air resistance, which is directed opposite to the velocity, is of magnitude 0.55|v| when the parachute is closed and is of magnitude 14|v| when the parachute is open, where the velocity v is measured in ft/s. assume that acceleration due to gravity has magnitude 32 ft/s/s; remember that weight is the product of mass and gravitational acceleration. (a) find the speed of the skydiver when the parachute opens. (b) find the distance fallen before the parachute opens. (c) what is the limiting velocity vl after the parachute opens? (d) determine how long the sky diver is in the air after the parachute opens. (e) plot the graph of velocity versus time from the beginning of the fall until the skydiver reaches the ground.