Tools used as nut crackers by chimps and birds

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

Two polarizers are oriented at 40∘ to each other and plane-polarized light is incident on them. if only 16 percent of the light gets through both of them, what was the initial polarization direction of the incident light?

Abucket full of water weights 4 kg and water well is 10m deep. a girl draws water from the well. it takes the girl 3 minutes to draw a bucket full of water from the well. what is the power of the girl?