I have a question (I understood 41 but I don't understand the others) about the following problem. I have attached the question, the given answer, and the work I did. Thank you so much!

Iam pretty sure its b but if im wrong sorry

Sorry i don’t know what to do

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

An atom's smaller negative particles are at a distance from the central positive particles, so the negative particles are easier to move.