Read the passage below and answer the question. Whether change takes place rapidly or slowly, the laws and principles that nature follows in today’s world, such as gravity, also applied in the geologic past. For example, the meteorite that likely killed the dinosaurs affected the ocean, the atmosphere, and life according to the same laws and behaviors of physics, chemistry, and biology we can observe in nature and verify by experimentation today.

Which of the principles below does this passage best describe?

a. catastrophism
b. gradualism
c. uniformitarianism
d. speciation