The negative work done is equal to the difference in the Electric potential energy Electric flux Electric potential Electric dipole

Electric potential energy

Explanation:

The Electric potential energy of a system is less than that carried out by electrostatic forces during the development of the system (as long as charges are initially cut infinitely).

The change in potential energy between an initial and final configuration  is equal to minus the work done by the electrostatic forces.

.) the observation by semmelweis that more mothers died of childbed fever when their doctors also worked in the morgue

real, smaller and upside-down.   so the answer should be b.