Why would the electrons spend most of their time close to the nucleus?

In which of the following would the particles move most rapidly? a. ice at -20 °c b. water at 20 °c c. steam at 110 °c d. boiling water e. ice at 0 °c

Sodium chloride, nacl, is formed when a sodium atom transfers its electron to a chlorine atom. the difference in charge between the two atoms creates a(n) attraction that bonds them together.

What sort of waves exhibit the doppler effect?