Lmk if you need help w/ math work

The percent efficiency of a machine can never be 100% (or greater), because in the real world some energy is always converted into a. heat b. work c. input force d. output force

Acave rescue team lifts an injured spelunker directly upward and out of a sinkhole by means of a motor-driven cable. the lift is performed in three stages, each requiring a vertical distance of 10.0 m: (a) the initially stationary spelunker is accelerated to a speed of 4.90 m/s; (b) he is then lifted at the constant speed of 4.90 m/s; (c) finally he is decelerated to zero speed. how much work is done on the 68.0 kg rescue by the force lifting him during each stage?

5g of ammonium nitrate was dissolved in 60g of water in an insulated container. the temperature at the start of the reaction was 23.0°c and at the end it was 19.0°c. calculate the energy absorbed by the reaction.