. In Example 7.7, we calculated the final speed of a roller coaster that descended 20 m in height and had an initial speed of 5 m/s downhill. Suppose the roller coaster had had an initial speed of 5 m/s uphill instead, and it coasted uphill, stopped, and then rolled back down to a final point 20 m below the start. We would find in that case that its final speed is the same as its initial. Explain in terms of conservation of energy.

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Orque can be calculated by multiplying the force (n) applied at 90? to the lever arm at a distance (m) from the pivot point (point of rotation), the compound si unit for the torque is n? m. if the force (at 90? to the lever arm) applied is 15 n and it is applied at 2.0 m from the pivot point (point of rotation), what is the torque on the lever?

If a substance is in the gas phase, which of qualities of the gas will stay constant? a: volume b: mass c: shape d: position of particles