How do objects build up potential energy?

According to newton’s first law of motion, which force is expected to cause a body to accelerate?

In the first law of thermodynamics, triangle e=q-w, what does q stand for

In order of decreasing light-transmitting capabilities of materials, which is the correct sequence? a. transparent -> translucent -> opaque b. opaque -> transparent -> translucent c. opaque -> translucent -> transparent d. translucent -> transparent -> opaque