A force that one object can apply to another object without touching it is ?

When applying kirchhoff's rules, one of the essential steps is to mark each resistor with plus and minus signs to label how the electric potential changes from one end of the resistor to the other. the circuit in the drawing contains four resistors, each marked with the associated plus and minus signs. however, one resistor is marked incorrectly. which one is it?

Suppose that two tanks, 1 and 2, each with a large opening at the top, contain different liquids. a small hole is made in the side of each tank at the same depth 1.57 m below the liquid surface, but the hole in tank 2 has 2.49 times the cross-sectional area of the hole in tank 1. (a) what is the ratio ρ1/ρ2 of the densities of the liquids if the mass flow rate is the same for the two holes? (b) what is the ratio rv1/rv2 of the volume flow rates from the two tanks? (c) at one instant, the liquid in tank 1 is 14.9 cm above the hole. if the tanks are to have equal volume flow rates, what height above the hole must the liquid in tank 2 be just then?

Ineed this now one scientist feels that the changes in global climatic patterns may be good for the health of the biosphere. another scientist feels that sharp changes in climatic patterns could result in the extinction of the biosphere. which of these is the most likely reason the two scientists gave conflicting opinions on the impact of changes in the global climatic pattern? they do not have enough knowledge on the topic. they did not discuss the issue among themselves. they believe conflicting opinion strengthens science. they study different areas of science and have different scientific focuses.