How many protons and electrons will each of those elements have after forming ions, and how can you tell

The proton number is the atomic number of the element, while the electron number is the atomic number minus the charge. A negatively-charged ion or anion has more electrons than protons. Again, the number of protons is the atomic number. The number of electrons is the atomic number added to the charge.

this means that the temperature of both substances will be equal