What is one common way that a charge can accumulate on an object? . a. through friction b. through gravitation c. through nuclear force d. through centrifugal force

What happens to the light rays when they hit the specimen?

Suppose that an electromagnetic wave which is linearly polarized along the x−axis is propagating in vacuum along the z−axis. the wave is incident on a conductor which is placed at z > 0 region of the space. the conductor has conductivity σ, magnetic permeability µ and electric permittivity ε. (a) find the characteristic time for the free charge density which dissipates at the conductor. (b) write the maxwell equations and derive the wave equation for a plane wave propagating in a conductor. (c) find the attenuation distance at which the incident amplitude reduces to e ^−1 of its initial value. (d) find the electric and magnetic fields inside the conductor. 8 (e) find the power loss per area of the incident electromagnetic wave at the surface of conductor.

Ahypothetical metal has an orthorhombic unit cell for which the a, b, and c lattice parameters are 0.413 nm, 0.665 nm, and 0.876 nm, respectively. (a) if there are 8 atoms per unit cell and the atomic packing factor is 0.536, determine the atomic radius (in nm). (b) if the density is 3.99 g/cm3, calculate the metal's atomic weight (in g/mol).