A basketball player tries to make a half-court jump-shot, releasing the ball at the height of the basket. Assuming the ball is launched at 51.0o and 14.0 m from the basket, what initial launch velocity must the player give the ball?

Which principle states: "geologic processes taking place on earth today operated similarly in the past and can be used to explain past geologic events"? a. lateral continuity

It really doesn't matter for any of the questions that you've listed.

The figure is missing but we can answer anyway.the correct answer is "releasing the string". in fact, when the person is holding the bow and the arrow, the kinetic energy of the arrow is still zero (because the arrow is not moving). the moment the arrow is released, it acquires a velocity v, so its kinetic energy will become different from zero: where m is the mass of the arrow and v its velocity.  all the other options, instead, do not increase the kinetic energy of the system: -  pulling farther back on the string : this will just increase the elastic potential energy of the system-  holding the arrow higher: this will increase the gravitational potential energy of the system (which is given by u=mgh, where h is the height above the ground)-  decreasing the mass of the arrow: this will decrease the gravitational potential energy of the system (which is given by u=mgh, where m is the mass)