A punted football has a “hang time” (time in the air) of 5s. How high does it go?

Comedians like to joke that the reason we haven’t been visited by intelligent life from elsewhere in the universe is that aliens have been monitoring earth’s broadcasts of intellectually embarrassing tv programs, like gilligan’s island, fear factor, the jersey shore, and the jerry springer showand so consider us far too primitive to merit a visit. let’s check the assertion that aliens could have been receiving them. tv programs are broadcast at a frequency of about 100mhz with about 100kw of total power in 30frames per second, which emanatesroughly uniformly in all directions. assume that interstellar space transmits these broadcasts without attenuation. no matter how smart they are, aliens would require at least one photon per frame to interpret our signals. findthe number of photons per unit time per unit area reaching a receiver on a possible planet in the nearest star system, which is about 4 light-years away (a light-year is the distance light travels in a year). if aliens aimed a receiver or detector directly at earth, how big (in diameter) would it have to be to receive a photon per frame

Uranium has two naturally occurring isotopes. 238u has a natural abundance of 99.3% and 235u has an abundance of 0.7%. it is the rarer 235u that is needed for nuclear reactors. the isotopes are separated by forming uranium hexafluoride uf6, which is a gas, then allowing it to diffuse through a series of porous membranes. 235uf6 has a slightly larger rms speed than 238uf6 and diffuses slightly faster. many repetitions of this procedure gradually separate the two isotopes. what is the ratio of the rms speed of 235uf6 to that of 238uf6? express your answer to five significant figures.

Aflask with vinegar in it has a mass of 160 grams. a balloon with baking soda in it has a mass of 40 grams. the balloon is attached to the flask to seal the opening and the vinegar and baking soda mixes. the balloon inflates to a large volume. what will the total mass of the balloon and flask be after the balloon inflates? explain. a) less than 200 grams because the solid baking soda disappears. b) 200 grams, because all the atoms remain in the balloon or flask. c) more than 200 grams because the size of the balloon is so much larger. d) less than 200 grams because gases such as the one in the balloon are lighter than solids and liquids.