1.) Calculate the force of gravity between Earth (mass = 6.0 s 1024 kg) and Venus (mass = 4.9 s 1024 kg) when they are at their closest distance from
each other, 3.8 s 107 km.

2.) Calculate the force of gravity between a car (mass = 2.3 s 103 kg) and a
man (mass = 68 kg) when the man is standing a distance of 5.0 m from
the car.

3.) Calculate the force of gravity that Saturn (mass = 5.7 s 1026 kg) exerts
on a woman on Earth (mass = 61 kg) when Saturn is closest to Earth,
1.2 s 109 km.

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.