On the same spring day, a station near the equator has a surface temperature of 25°C, 15°C higher than the middle-latitude city mentioned in part a. Vertical soundings reveal an environmental lapse rate of 6.5°C per kilometer and indicate that the tropopause is encountered at 16 km. What is the air temperature at the tropopause?

The air temperature at the tropopause is - 79 °C

Explanation:

We know that a station near the equator has a surface temperature of 25°C

Vertical soundings reveal an environmental lapse rate of 6.5 °C per kilometer.

The tropopause is encountered at 16 km.

In order to find the air temperature at the tropopause we are going to deduce a linear function for the temperature at the tropopause.

This linear function will have the following structure :

Where '''' and '''' are real numbers.

Let's write to denote the temperature '' T '' in function of the distance

'' x '' ⇒

We can reorder the function as :

(I)

Now, at the surface the value of '''' is 0 km and the temperature is 25°C so in the function (I) we write :

⇒ ⇒

(II)

In (II) the value of '''' represents the change in temperature per kilometer.

Because the temperature decrease with the height this number will be negative and also a data from the question ⇒

(III)

In (III) we deduced the linear equation. The last step is to replace by in (III) ⇒

The air temperature at the tropopause is - 79 °C

in this image, you can see solar radiation going through ocean water.

no image, but probably absorption

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