If the planes of a crystal are 3.50 (1 A= 10^-10m = Ångstrom unit) apart, what wavelength of electromagnetic waves are needed so that the first strong interference maximum in the Bragg reflection occurs when the waves strike the planes at an angle of 22.0 degrees?

λ = 2.62 x 10⁻¹⁰ m = 0.262 nm

Explanation:

We can use Bragg's Law's equation to solve this problem. The Bragg's Law's equation is written as follows:

mλ = 2d Sin θ

where,

m = order of reflection = 1

λ = wavelength = ?

d = distance between the planes of crystal = 3.5 x 10⁻¹⁰ m

θ = strike angle of waves on plane = 22°

Therefore, substituting the respective values in the equation, we get:

(1)λ = (2)(3.5 x 10⁻¹⁰ m)(Sin 22°)

λ = 2.62 x 10⁻¹⁰ m = 0.262 nm

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

from wikipedia