Before the development of quantum theory, Ernest Rutherford's experiments with gold atoms led him to propose the so-called Rutherford Model of atomic structure. The basic idea is that the nucleus of the atom is a very dense concentration of positive charge, and that negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus in much the same manner as planets orbit a star. His experiments appeared to show that the average radius of an electron orbit around the gold nucleus must be about 10−1010−10 m. Stable gold has 79 protons and 118 neutrons in its nucleus. What is the strength of the nucleus' electric field at the orbital radius of the electrons?
What is the kinetic energy of an electron in a circular orbit around the gold nucleus?

1.

2.      

Explanation:

1. The strength of the nucleus' electric field (E):

Where:

k: is the Coulomb constant = 9x10⁹ Nm²/C²

q: is the proton charge = 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ C

r: is the radius = 10⁻¹⁰ m

2. The kinetic energy (Ek) of an electron is the following:

Where:

m is the electron's mass = 9.1x10⁻³¹ kg

v: is the speed of the electron

We can find the speed of the electron by equaling the centripetal force (Fc) and the electrostatic force (Fe):

Now, we can find the kinetic energy:

I hope it helps you!

it will be pushed away from the source of the electric field. a negative charge in a cloud induces a positive charge in the ground below the cloud.

explanation:

the earths atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygen. solids can turn into gasses through a process called sublimation. sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

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