A cannon fires a cannon ball at an enemy ship. The cannonball hits the ship at the same level as it was launched. Over its entire flight (after it leaves the cannon, before it hits the enemy ship), the work done by gravity and the work done by air resistance, respectively, are

force is based upon mass and acceleration.the statement is not always true.

it can be explained from newton's second law of motion.

as per newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place along the direction of force.

mathematically it can be written as -

                                              ⇒      

here   k is the proportionality constant whose value is 1.

                                                            [a is the acceleration=dv/dt]

hence we see that force not only depends on mass and acceleration but also on velocity and rate of change of mass. force f will depend on mass and acceleration only when mass is constant.

hence the statement that force is based upon mass and acceleration is false.

54 degrees incident angle = reflected angle

angle is from normal turned to line of ray