A round pipe of varying diameter carries petroleum from a wellhead to a refinery. At the wellhead, the pipe's diameter is 58.9 cm ( 0.589 m) and the flow speed of the petroleum is 12.1 m/s. At the refinery, the petroleum flows at 6.29 m/s. What is the volume flow rate of the petroleum along the pipe and what is the pipe's diameter at the refinery?

Explanation:

The volume rate of flow = a x v where a is cross sectional area of pipe and v is velocity of flow

putting the values

π x .2945² x 12.1

= 3.3  m³ /s

To know the pipe's diameter at the refinery we shall apply the following formula

a₁ v₁ = a₂ v₂

a₁ v₁ and  a₂ v₂ are volume rate of flow of liquid which will be constant .

3.3 = a₂ x 6.29

a₂ = .5246 m³

π x r² = .5246

r = .4087 m

= 40.87 cm

diameter

= 81.74 cm

answer: the exterior temperature of commercial jet planes as they leave the stratosphere and return to the ground increases steadily.

explanation:

the lower most layer of atmosphere is troposphere which extends from 0 to 12 km above the surface of the earth. the temperature initially decreases as distance is increased from the earth's surface. commercial jets fly in lower part of the stratosphere. the stratosphere extends upto 50 km. the temperature in stratosphere starts rising again due to presence of ozone which traps the uv rays.

thus, when the planes leave the stratosphere and return to the ground, the exterior temperature increases steadily.

3.2x10^7