Ken received a 66 on his first math exam, which counted for 20% of his final grade; he now believes that he won't be able to pass the class. His conclusion best illustrates a pessimistic outlook. the fight-or-flight response. problem-focused coping. relative deprivation.

His conclusion best illustrates a pessimistic outlook.

Explanation:

As seen in the question above, Ken got 20% of his final grade in the first test he did for this class, that is, there will be other tests that can provide him to reach the grade needed to pass the class. However, even if there are possibilities, he believes that he will not pass the class, he does not have a positive and optimistic view of his future in this class and is sure that he will fail. This negative view of the future is an example of a pessimistic outlook.

hotter stars = bluer stars

this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!